Movie Analysis Virtual Classroom - 896 Words

Crystal Blake Virtual Classroom 1 1. The characters are Mrs. Ortiz, Ms. Jacobs, and. Mario. Mrs. Ortiz is Mario’s mother who is telling him it is okay to hit so that he doesn’t get bullied and will make it in the real world especially since they live in a neighborhood where there is gang violence. Ms. Jacobs is Mario’s teacher who is trying to teach Mario that hitting is not the answer that using words are. Mario is the child who is hitting and pushing other children and is in this dilemma because his mother is saying one thing while the teacher is saying another. 2. One key issue is that Mario is hitting and pushing the other children. Some of the time he is doing it just to have his own way. For example, in the case study it states that Hector came and took on of Mario’s blocks so Mario took the block back and pushed him saying that he was standing up for himself which in turn is making him seem like the bully to the other children. Another issue is that his mother is encouraging violence so that when he grows up he can handle living in a rough neighborhood. Lastly, Mrs. Ortiz and Ms. Jacobs have different ways of handling situations and it is confusing for Mario which to do and in a way seems like Mario has to pick sides on his behavior. 3. One strategy for Ms. Jacobs to use is gathering more knowledge on the culture and environment the children are growing in so that she can work with the parents on a way to help the children. According to Child Development, thereShow MoreRelatedThe New Trend Of Virtual Technology914 Words   |   4 PagesImagine sitting in a classroom lecture or consulting with a physician just sitting in your living room. Our video visor design would allow this to be possible. It is a revolutionary communication platform that makes you feel truly present as you share, experience, and interact with upcoming and available technology. We hope to provide a means for more people to affordably create and engage in the new trend of virtual technology. Our Video Visor is built from practical, inexpensive materialsRead MoreEducational Benefits Of Computer Games1651 Words   |  7 Pagesprocess carried out in the laboratory. It is also noted that computer learning games form a part of entertainment. Research carried out by institute of center for study of children, youth and media indicate that it is easier for children to remember a movie they had watched sometimes back. Likewise through computer video games they will remember the game as a video. Through this remembering of that game these children will be recalling an educational concept. Further indications shows that a child’sRead MoreA Multi Agent Cross Platform Modelingand-1952 Words   |  8 PagesNetLogo are revolutionizing scientific practice. As complex systems perspectives and multi-agent simulation gain importance, K–16 educators are turning their attention to powerful new technological tools, such as NetLogo, to leverage change in science classrooms. NetLogo: A Simple Environment for Modeling Complexity Seth Tisue seth@tisue.net Uri Wilensky uri@northwestern.edu Abstract NetLogo [Wilensky, 1999] is a multi-agent programming language and modeling environment for simulating complex phenomenaRead More Virtual Reality Essay2072 Words   |  9 PagesVirtual Reality Today’s science fiction is often tomorrow’s reality. As the pace of change has quickened, so it appears that we are actually living within a science fiction movie. Programs on TV continue to amaze or frighten us with yet more technological break through and with clever new products and gadgets. Over the last decade and certainly through the rest of this century, the major agent for these changes has been and will continue to be electronic computer and its derivatives. The DigitalRead MoreRelated Literature of Computer Exposure2309 Words   |  10 PagesTime named the microcomputer their â€Å"Man of the Year† in 1983 there has been a continued drive for public school teachers to become computer literate. A nationwide study concluded that although teachers have increased computer availability in their classrooms, they are not integrating computers into the standard curricula. The present study examined â€Å"technophobia† as an explanation for low levels o f computer utilization. Elementary teachers (N = 171), secondary science teachers (N - 117), and secondaryRead MoreIsys104 Tutorial -Week44080 Words   |  17 Pageseliminate middle managers and their clerical support by sending information from operating units directly to senior management and by enabling information to be sent directly to lower-level operating units. It even enables some organizations to act as virtual organizations because they are no longer limited by geographic locations. One behavioral approach views information systems as the outcome of political competition between organizational subgroups. IT becomes very involved with this competitionRead MoreExploring Young People s Literacy Practices Across Corporate And User Produced Platforms6165 Words   |  25 Pagescollaborative, distributed, and participatory. However, as computers have become commonplace, and digital forms of meaning-making have become dispersed across technological platforms, the distinction between real and virtual has become muddied. In fact, confining the scope of research to a particular virtual space precludes the many insights that might be gained from exploring the â€Å"constellation† of literacy (Steinkuehler, DATE) and meaning-making practices that traverse digital and material contexts in transmediaRead MoreEssay about Violent Video Games: A Bad Choice for Parents and Children2589 Words   |  11 Pagesgames without these virtual-reality worlds that provide them with a different experience every time they play. Children are lured into these games because of the look and feel of the lifelike characters that have movie screen qualities. These high-tech three-dimensional games allow children to experience the virtual characters as if the child were really inside the game (Moltenbery 1-2). Children who become addicted to video games do so because of the feel of being in a virtual-reality world, whichRead MoreArt of Public Speaking5805 Words   |  24 Pagesand construct outlines, how to assess evidence and reasoning, how to use language effectively, and so forth. Because the immediate task facing students is to present speeches in the classroom, I have relied heavily on examples that relate directly to students’ classroom needs and experiences. The speech classroom, however, is a training ground where students develop skills that will serve them throughout life. Therefore, I have also included a large number of illustrations drawn from the kindsRead MoreImpacts of Information Technology on Individuals, Organizations and Societies21097 Words   |  85 Pages 17. Chapter 17 IT Strategy and Planning Information Technology Economics Acquiring IT Applications and Infrastructure Security Impacts of IT on Individuals, Organizations, and Society Impacts of IT on Individuals, Organizations, and Society Movie Piracy Learning Objectives 17.1 Perspectives on IT Impacts 17.2 IT Is Eliminating the Barriers of Time, After studying this chapter, you will be able to: Space, and Distance Understand the changes that take place in the workplace and the lives

How Cultural Adaptation Influence Professional Belief Free Essays

How cultural adaptation influence professional belief and career development of Chinese students in UMN? Introduction The influence of cultural diversity is some of the most critical issues facing the United States today. Census data show that the non-white population is rapidly increasing – this is a huge reserve of human potential, which makes the multicultural focus a top priority for vocational education and development. These diverse cultural groups include some international students coming to the United States to take advantage of higher education opportunities. We will write a custom essay sample on How Cultural Adaptation Influence Professional Belief? or any similar topic only for you Order Now After completing their studies, many of these students choose to stay in the United States in order to pursue work and build family. The career development and consulting needs of this multicultural workforce are very different from the established norms. It is important to understand and solve their needs for the country’s cultural and psychological adjustment. Therefore, counselors and professional professionals in universities and workplaces need to have specific cultural information and skills that contribute to effective vocational education/consulting. Most of the differences between cultures come from various worldviews that people hold. Lee and Rice (2007) and Dee and Henkin (1999) point out that in this society, the worldview of racial and ethnic minorities is different from that of European Americans. The worldview contains all cultural norms, customs, folk cultures and cultural adaptation behaviors that are passed on to future generations in an identifiable group. Values, interests, family and interpersonal relationships largely depend on these worldviews, and these worldviews are assumed to influence career choices. The worldview of ethnic minority customers will influence their career decisions in ways that may differ from most people. In order to provide culturally appropriate services, professional professionals in universities and workplaces must have a keen understanding of the team’s worldview. In order to understand more about the concept of worldview related to career development, Marsella and Leong (1995) suggest positioning individual clients in the continuum of national cultural identity and determining the relative importance of individual or cultural characteristics to individuals. For example, when a person is fully integrated into society, interest/preference may be more relevant to career development. However, for a more traditional individual, cultural influence may play a more important role in career development. Marsella and Leong (1995) suggest that career counseling for different customers should consider three factors: cross-cultural similarities, and culturally unique aspects that influence members and personal characteristics. Another way to better understand the worldview is to study the individual’s level of cultural adaptation. Marsella and Leong (1995) pointed out that cultural adaptation has become an important variable in psychological research because it helps to highlight and explain the huge heterogeneity existing in ethnic/ethnic immigrant groups. Cultural adaptation levels have been found to influence psychological and physical health variables, including work values, career orientation, and career choices (Kubat ; Kuruuzum, 2009). In short, with the increase in the multicultural nature of the U.S. labor force, it has become imperative to appropriately address the unique career development needs of customers from different ethnicities. Marasella and Leong (1995) indicate that by understanding the customer’s worldview, unique career development needs can be met. Research on ethnic identity and cultural adaptation can help to learn a worldview.Many international students are looking for jobs in the United States, which is a factor in increasing the multicultural workforce. For this reason, using this population for world outlook (cultural adaptation and ethnic identity) and career development studies will be particularly useful. Therefore, this study examines the relationship between professional beliefs and cultural adaptation levels of international students from China. It has been found that cultural adaptation and career development may be related to several other important factors, for example,People’s specific nationality: Even if they come from the same continent, the cultural adaptability of people from different countries is also different (Jacob ; Greggo, 2001);People’s age: Age is positively related to professional identity (ie older people may have stronger professional identity). The negative correlation between age and cultural adaptation indicates that it is difficult for older people to adhere to the norms of the new culture (Suinn, Ahuna ; Khoo, 1992, 1995; Shufen ; Brown, 2001);Level of education: Interestingly, studies by Shu Fen and Brown (2001) show that education levels are negatively correlated with cultural adaptation. This suggests that better-educated individuals may not be comfortable, and vice versa.Term of residence in the United States: There is a negative correlation between the length of residence in the United States and cultural adaptability, indicating that people with shorter residence periods tend to have less culture. There is a positive correlation between living time and professional identity, which means that people who live longer in the United States have stronger professional identities (Suinn, Ahuna ; Khoo, 1992, 1995; Shu-fen ; Brown, 2001);Gender: There seems to be a conflict regarding the influence of gender on cultural adaptation. Although there was no significant relationship between gender and cultural adaptation and professional identity and gender, the study (Lopez ; Ann-Yi, 2006) also showed that the process of cultural adaptation was affected by gender. In this study, information on nationality, age, US resident status and gender will be collected. It also will study the influence of the above factors on cultural adaptation and professional beliefs, with particular emphasis on the influence of gender.Propose of the studyThe main purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between cultural adaptation and factors that influence the professional beliefs of international students from China. The adaptation of a cultural group to another cultural group can be demonstrated by changing language preferences, adopting common attitudes and values, joining common social groups and institutions, and losing individual political or ethnic identity.Professional beliefs are people’s assumptions about themselves and what they must do to succeed in the world of work. Specifically, this study will examine whether these international student’s cultural adaptation will affect current employment status, career planning, acceptance of uncertainty, openness, university education, sense of control, sense of responsibility, career path flexibility, after training. The attitude of transition, relocation and other occupational beliefs are perseverance and hard work. The study will examine whether the relationship between cultural adaptation and professional beliefs is influenced or mitigated by gender.Research questionsAre there any influence from cultural adaption on professional beliefs and career development of Chinese students in UMN?How cultural adaption influence professional beliefs and career development of Chinese students in UMN?MethodsParticipants are Chinese students in UMN. The questionnaire will be delivered through university email. There are also potential follow-up interview.Two scales will be used in this study:First one is Suinn-Lew Asian Self-Identity Acculturation Scale (SL-ASIA). Suinn, et al have developed SL-ASIA as a self-reported measurement of cultural adaption (Suinn, et al, 1987). There are 26 options including language, behavior, generation/geography history and attitude in this scale. In the score, the total value is obtained by summing the answers to all items. The final cultural fitness score is then calculated by dividing the total by 26. The conservation level on SL-ASIA ranged from 1 to 5, the low range was 1 to 2.33 (Asian mark), the medium range was 2.34 In order to obtain a structural validity assessment, Suinn, Ahuna and Khoo (1992) used 324 Asian students from Colorado (137 first generation, 76 second generation, 31 third generation, 26 fourth generation and 14 fifth generation participants who performed factor analysis on SL-ASIA. Their results showed that five interpretable factors accounted for 69.7% of the variance between different variables. A recent sample of 118 Asians using Suinn, Khoo and Ahuna (1995) in Singapore showed that the appearance of a similar factor accounted for 65% of the variance.The other one is Career Beliefs Inventory (CBI). The Occupational Belief Scale (CBI) (Krumboltz ; Jackson,1993) is built based on data collected from 7,500 people, ranging in age from 12 to 75 years. The original 122 items has been separated into 25 scales consisting of 96 projects. Grades. These projects were written in the eighth grade. Participants stated their agreement to a statement based on the 5-point Likert scale, strongly agreeing that the active wording project scored 5 points, and strongly disagreed with a score of 1 point. The negative wording items are reverse scores, so strong opposition will get scores of 5 points, and strong opposition scores of 1. These scores are then converted into proportional scores ranging from 10 to 50. The difference factor between them and the project score is 10, so the proportional score is ten times that of the time average score.(After collecting data, I will use SPSS or R to build a model and do some simple analysis between SL-ASIA factors – language, behavior, generation/geography history and attitude – and professional beliefs. Based on this conclusion, I will give some recommendations about career development of Chinese students in US.)Reference:Dee, J., ; Henkin, A. (1999). Challenges to Adjustment to College Life in the United States: Experiences of Korean Students. International Education, 29(1), 54-70.Jacob, E. J, ; Greggo, J.W., (2001). Using counselor training and collaborative programming strategies in working with international students. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 29 (l),73-88.Kubat, U., ; Kuruuzum, A. (2009). An Examination of the Relationship between Work Values and Personality Traits in Manufacturing Industry. International Journal of Business and Management Studies, 1(1), 37-48.Krumboltz, J. D., ; Jackson, M. A. (1993). Career assessment as a learning tool. Journal of Career Assessment, I, 393-409.Lee, J., ; Rice, J. (2007). Welcome to America? International student perceptions of discrimination. Higher Education, 53(3), 381-409.Lopez, F. G., ; Ann-Yi, S. (2006). Predictors of Career Indecision in Three Racial/Ethnic Groups of College Women. Journal of Career Development, 33(1), 29-46.Marsella, A., ; Leong, F. (1995). Cross-Cultural Issues in Personality and Career Assessment. Journal of Career Assessment, 3(2), 202-218.Suinn, R., Rickard-Figueroa, K., Lew, S., ; Vigil, P. (1987). The Suinn-Lew Asian Self-Identity Acculturation Scale: An Initial Report. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 47(2), 401-407.Suinn, R. M. Ahuna, C, ; Khoo, G. (1992). The Suinn-Lew Asian Self-Identity Acculturation Scale: Concurrent and factorial validation. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 52, 1041-1046.Suinn, R. M., Ahuna, C, ; Khoo, G. (1995). The Suinn-Lew Asian Self-Identify Acculturation Scale: Cross-cultural information. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 23, 139-148.Shih, S., ; Brown, C. (2000). Taiwanese International Students: Acculturation Level and Vocational Identity. Journal of Career Development, 27(1), 35-47. How to cite How Cultural Adaptation Influence Professional Belief?, Papers

Australian Commercial and Corporations Law

Questions: 1. In negligence law the reasonable person is used to assist in determining questions relating to duty of care and the relevant standard of care. Who is the reasonable person, meaning what are their characteristics and how does the law adapt it in differing circumstances? 2. What are self-managed super funds or SMSFs? Write an essay explaining their nature, benefits and risks, set up and operation. Answers: (1). Under the tort of negligence, the elements required to prove negligence are that there should be a duty of care, there should be a breach of that duty and due to the breach there should be a damage caused to some person towards whom there was a duty of care. Here the duty of care is seen in terms of a reasonable person, i.e. in an idle circumstance what a prudent person would believed to have done and had the responsibility in doing a certain act in case of a danger or injury and would have taken due care and precaution would be the standard of care under the tort of negligence. In the landmark case of Donoghue v. Stevenson [1932] UKHL, lord Atkin had observed that one must take care and avoid circumstances that can been foreseen to may have cause any hard or danger on any other person and must take due care for such foreseeable circumstances (Nolan, 2013). A common accidental case is separated from a negligent act because of the duty of care one has towards someone or something in a given situation. There is no specific definition of a reasonable person, the reasonableness is defined in terms of prudence that an ordinary person would show in any given situation. In order to determine that standard of care, it shall always be seen what any person would have done in the same circumstances. The test would be in reference to the standards set in case of a person with higher intelligence. Even for people with low intelligence, the standard would be that of a person with higher intelligence, who can reasonably foresee and avoid some kind of danger and not that of a near sighted person who is negligent (Gamble, Du Plessis and Neal, 2008). The important factor under this is that the person must have a duty of care, this is applicable in case of neighbours, doctor-patient relationship, customer-manufacturer relationship (Donoghue v Stevenson [1932]) etc. in the case of Grant v Australian Knitting Mills Limited And Others, [1936], it was said that the manufacturer knew that the product that he is making would reach the consumer for his consumption and therefore there could be left no doubt with regard to a possibility left for examination to be done later and hence there was a duty of care on the part of the manufacturer towards the consumer. The scope of duty of care is said to have been understood in terms of reasonable care not in abstract but in case where it could have been foreseen reasonably that there is danger and due to negligence damage could be caused, even in case of an unborn child, duty of care if foreseeable is acknowledged (Lynch v Lynch 1991). Duty of care is owned even to rescuers, the well acknowledged duty of care is by a doctor to his patient, which is in fact now a different field into law of tort that is tort of medical negligence, this duty is owned by any person towards any other person if it could be foreseen that a danger or injury could be caused due to the negligence of one person (Stewart and Stuhmcke, 2012). (2). What are self-managed super funds or SMSFs? Write an essay explaining their nature, benefits and risks, set up and operation. Self Managed Super funds are an Australian term coined for pension funds that give the individuals a direct hold on their retirement assets. These pension funds are of a special nature where the members of the pension fund consists of five individuals who are trustees or directors of a corporate trustee. After the passing of the Australian legislation of Superannuation Legislation Amendment (Choice of Superannuation Funds) Act 2004, the legislature made it possible for the people who will retire in the future to manage their pension funds and allot them into various pension schemes according to their convenience. Under the SMSFs the retirees can shift their funds from anywhere into an SMSF is they want to. These are controlled and managed by the individuals themselves as they are the directors and trustees of the fund, hence, it is also known as DO-It-Yourself Fund, i.e. DIY fund (Centre for International Finance and Regulation, 2014). These SMSFs are growing at an alarming rate in the Australian investment sector due to the portability rules that were brought about by the implementation of the Superannuation Legislation Amendment (Choice of Superannuation Funds) Act 2004, due to which the investment has become easy and flexible for the people. Members of an SMSF can directly invest into the share market and on various other schemes relating to warrants, property, exotic assets such as artefacts and antiques, etc. The cost of investment is also very low as compared to other investment options under the retirement schemes, all these factors makes the SMSFs more approachable and attractive for the people to invest into, due to which there has been witnessed a tremendous increase and a shift towards the SMSFs from 1996 to 2013 (Asic.gov.au, 2015). Therefore it could be said that the superannuation industry is of very high importance in the Australian investment system as it involves a large amount of money. SMSFs are self controlled and managed instrument of investment under which the investors manage their own investments according to their choices, where they also have a number of options to invest into. As they make you handle the investment on your own they are also called do it yourself funds. SMSFs came into use from 8th October 1999, when they were formally introduced by the legislature while amending the Superannuation Industry Supervision (SIS) Act. The act was amended in order to make changes to the regulatory regime in Australia wherein the superannuation funds were governed under the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA), which had various funds where the total number of members could not go beyond five; rather they were less than five. The amendment made the new superannuation funds, i.e. the SMSF is governed under the Australian Tax Office. The earlier funds were provided a chance to become SMSF which were a small fund under the APRA which were known as SAF. Un der the SAF, the members do not have the same amount of power as in the SMSF, as they do not manage and control the investments directly (SY, 2008). There are various benefits of SMSFs due to which the Australian retirees are getting attracted towards these funds and not any other scheme, as discussed above one of the major reasons is its flexibility and the number of alternatives that it provides to the investors. Also the control and management of the SMSF is in the hands of the investors as they are the members and the trustees as well as the directors of the SMSF themselves. The investment in the SMSF is easier as compared to other superannuation schemes in the industry. It is also said that since pension schemes have the capacity to negotiate more and at a lower cost as to the fee of managers, therefore they have an upper edge in terms of bargaining in the market, hence, they benefit more from the economies of scale (Coleman, Esho and Wong, 2006). Another benefit is the ease of the SMSF in between the complicated superannuation industry, which involves a typical auditing system SMSFs are therefore easier to maintain as the auditing system is not at all complex and only involves balance sheet with three types of records related to cash, shares and investments related to property, the other financial statement is the preparing of the profit and loss account without the provisions of receivables, payables, prepayments, accruals, etc, thereby making it simple and easy to manage (Vermeulen and Haan, 2012). The other aspect is that the retirees are not interested into large investments as the mind set is that since there are retirement funds, therefore investors are interested into discounts and are interested in returns on the investments. Due to increase in the people getting attracted towards the superannuation industry, due to the ease and monetary benefits, it is important that the people involved in the industry are aware of the norms and regulations that need to be followed. The literacy rate in Australia with regard to SMSFs is not good; people are unaware of the laws that govern the superannuation industry. The risks involved in the SMSFs are as follows (Smsf-westpac.com.au, 2016):1. People are illiterate because of which they end up not complying with the laws related to SMSFs. This results into criminal activities and fraudulent transactions.2. Since the members are also the trustees they are responsible for its management, hence the liability of the SMSF is personal.3. In case there is a fraud or any other criminal activity in a SMSF, then neither of the members can claim any kind of scheme related to any compensation under APRA.4. The members are entitled to the profits of the SMSF as well as all the risks that are accrued by any member are shared and accrued by all the members.5. Inflation can also have adverse effects on SMSF, as people will not invest in case of inflation.6. Interest rates can also change with time and change in policies, which can create a great impact on the returns that, an investor gets on his investment.7. The structure of an SMSF is simple, but still internal changes due to external or internal environmental factors can have an adverse effect on the members, such as change in taxation laws.8. Diversification can increase the chances of a higher return, but as these are retirement funds, hence the investment is small and therefore the chances of diversification is very less, which in result does not provide with greater benefits. It is therefore necessary that the relevant laws and regulations are made aware to the people so as to inform them of the risks and the benefits of setting up an SMSF. It is necessary to act in the best interest of the clients as per Section 961B, and also disclose accurate personal advice according to Section 961G. If in case the advice given to the client is dependent on an information which is not complete or the advisors are not sure about the information then the clients must be told about that too, in order to give them the first preference and work in their interest. It is also required under Section 946 A, that the clients are given a personal advice SOA as soon as possible, before the client acts on the advice of the person. In fact advice regarding the alternatives in case the client wants to change or switch the product must also be contained in the SOA as per Section 947 D (Asic.gov.au, 2015). SMSFs can be setup by applying online, just like a company is registered. It is a kind of a trust that is registered with the superannuation industry that requires a simple name of the SMSF that a person needs to set up. The fee is too low to set up a SMSF, and any person can easily set up his own SMSF. The requirement of setting up depend on the number of members, i.e. whether the members are a corporate Trustee, individual Trustees or a Single Member (Abbott, 2008). In case of Individual trustee the fund has (Newnham, 2009): It has four or less members. Each member is a trustee. No Member is an employee of another member, unless they're related. No trustee is paid for their duties or services as a trustee. In case of a corporate trustee: It has four or less members. Each member of the fund is a director of the company. Each director of the corporate trustee is a member, unless they're related. The corporate trustee or director is not paid for its services as a trustee. There is not too much research data available on SMSF, however there are various Australian case studies with regard to SMSF. The case studies are as follows (Basu and Andrews, 2014): The Swiss Chalet case: this is the most common case wherein the members were given access to a golf club, and the purpose of it was to provide the facilities to the members for their retirement. However the only purpose of the club failed, as the members had breached the purpose of the access provided to the club. Montgomery Wools Case: this case involved whether the member was in non-compliance of the rules of SMSF. The ATT stated that the funds must comply with the sole purpose test and in order to determine that test the facts of each case would be examined, as the test is not subjective in nature and is to be examined objectively based on the facts of the case and not on the views/ opinion of the members. Deputy Commissioner of Taxation (Superannuation) v Graham Family Superannuation: in this case the Federal Court of Australia held that the sole purpose test was breached by the member where the SMSF had rented a property for the retirement of the members but instead one of the member gave it to his son for his personal use without any payment of rent. Pabian Park Pty Ltd Superannuation Benefits Fund and FCT: in order to make the compliance compulsory and the rules strict, the members must engage into activities such as winding up in case of non-compliance, tax penalties, rectification of contraventions with penalties imposed on those who had been in non-compliance of the rules. It was held that a proactive approach needs to be adopted by the members themselves in order to make the people follow with the compliances and make people aware of the risks and the consequences involved in non-compliance. In Re The Trustee for the R Ali Superannuation Fund and FCT: in this case, which is also known as the Ali case, the court again emphasised on the need for a proactive role of the members and that the members must engage in practices for rectification of the contraventions and also make sure that there the records and the procedure is all documented in relation to all the transactions between all the parties. SMSFs are the currently most famous Australian investing instruments in the field of retirement schemes that provided the highest available options to the investors in the field of retirement funds which are easy to form and regulate. Due to its simple structure its demand is also high, even the fee that is levied is too less for setting it up so people focus on investing in SMSFs more than any other investment schemes. Even the auditing is too easy with a simple balance sheet and a profit and loss statement which makes it more convenient and attractive to retirees. The trustees along with all other members hold a relationship of trust with the fund. Therefore it is the duty of the members to comply with the rules of SIS and work for the betterment and optimum benefit of the funds, as it is one of the most advantageous funds or investment option in case of a retirement scheme (Smith, 2011). It is therefore necessary that strict measures are taken in case of non-compliance and a proac tive role is needed from the members side to ensure that the purpose of these funds remains intact. References Abbott, G. (2008).Self managed superannuation funds strategy guide. Sydney: CCH Australia. Asic.gov.au. (2015). Advice on self-managed superannuation funds: Disclosure of costs | ASIC - Australian Securities and Investments Commission. Basu, A. and Andrews, S. (2014). Asset Allocation Policy, Returns and Expenses of Superannuation Funds: Recent Evidence Based on Default Options. Australian Economic Review, 47(1), pp.63-77. Centre for International Finance and Regulation, (2014). The size, cost and asset allocation of Australian self-managed superannuation funds. Research working paper series. Coleman, A., Esho, N. and Wong, M. (2006). The impact of agency costs on the investment performance of Australian pension funds. Journal of Pension Economics and Finance, 5(03), pp.299-324. Doris, M. (2013). Promising options, dead ends and the reform of Australian contract law. The Journal of Society of Legal Scholars, 34(1), pp.24-46. Gamble, R., Du Plessis, J. and Neal, L. (2008).Principles of business law. Pyrmont, N.S.W.: Lawbook Co. Gooley, J., Radan, P. and Vickovich, I. (2007). Principles of Australian contract law. Chatswood, NSW: LexisNexis Butterworths. Newnham, M. (2009).Self-managed superannuation funds. Milton, Qld.: John Wiley Sons Australia. Nolan, D. (2013). Damage in the English Law of Negligence. Journal of European Tort Law, 4(3). Smith, B. (2011).Self Managed Superannuation Fund Handbook. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons.